Philosophy of Religion

Introduction This paper is a critical analysis of the philosophy of religion. Philosophy of religion addresses the existence of God and seeks to find out what God is like. The most important aspect of philosophy of religion is if God exists and what God means to us (Collins 43). Each one of us ponders these questions in life, and the philosophy of religion has tried providing answers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy of Religion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The classic arguments of the philosophy of religion have been refined while some have been abandoned. Some other new arguments on the same topic have cropped up, but the controversial debate is still on. Philosophy of religion should be viewed from the perspective of its mother discipline; philosophy (Collins 43). For instance, we define philosophy as the analysis of ultimate concepts. Likewise we should think of philosophy of religion as being t he analysis of concepts encountered in religion. Metaphysical aspects are the central focus of traditional philosophers of religion. This is correct although some critics oppose this idea because concepts like God are crucial to metaphysics. After all, if this debate of God exists, then he must be someone or something pretty according to the attributions given to Him (Collins 46). If this God of debate does not exist, then God is not very important and this debate needs to be shunned. Analytical versus continental Analytical and Continental Philosophy are the two classifications of philosophy of religion. Analytical philosophy occupies the departments of theology while continental philosophies occupy the departments of philosophy (Pomerleau 558). Analytical philosophers decided to approach philosophy of religion with clarity, precision, logic and careful argumentation tools. On the other side, the continental religion philosophers have approached the subject with literal and informa l tools like love (Pomerleau 558). Both groups are correct in their approaches because they have different experiences, and they work in different areas of the philosophy discipline. The prove that God exists Philosophers of religion, who came first, have used both inductive and deductive methods to address the existence of God (Collins 56). For instance, the ontological argument says that God is a logical being and further explains that God actually exists. This argument is still debated up to date because of the confusion it raises. Various critics have come forward to give their views on the ontological argument.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another argument is the cosmological argument. This has portrayed many forms, and the first one is that if there is a contingent being, which exists, there ought to be a necessary being as well to explain its existence (Collins 57). Some cr itics have also come forward to criticize it. The third argument is that from design, which was proposed by various philosophers who gave it the classical formulation, ‘watches on the heath’ (Collins 61). The major question about this argument is what is the appropriateness and success of using the philosophical tools to show the existence of God in a probable way. This argument presents meaningless arguments on the existence of God because they cannot be verified. For example, the problem of evil has varnished and has no sign of popularity. Today, the problem of evil cannot assist philosophers of religion to knock down arguments on atheism. Some critical works have shown impossibilities in establishing the truth about the non-existence of God using this argument (Collins 65). Instead, it has been presented to argue that the existence of God is improbable. Atheists and believers are still on the debate of whether God exists, and if he doe, why does he allow sufferings? This argument cannot answer this question. The rationality of the belief Some critics argue that the religious belief is a basic belief that can be rationally held without necessarily inferring from other beliefs. This implies that since the belief is not necessary for purposes of rationality, its purpose is to convince the non believers. A belief is only justifiable if its production is from a cognitive mechanism that functions according to its designed plan (Collins 68). Otherwise, it would have made sense to believe that if God is our maker then his design plan, which we believe in him, should be rational. What is Godlike? Philosophy of religion has attempted to understand what God is like. The central claim is that God’s existence has put philosophers of religion on an edge in trying to explain this view. The debate has always focused on the four attributes of God, which include; omnipotence, omniscience, e goodness and eternity (Collins 79).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy of Religion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Each of this attribute bring about puzzles like; why did God create a heavy stone that is so heavy that he himself cannot lift or why did God create a human being who knows secrets that he does not know. For instance, the attribute of omniscience has brought questions like does God know what I will be doing tomorrow. Another controversial issue about the nature of God is eternity (Collins 81). God is referred to as everlasting or eternal, but the concern is; why is God ever praised for doing well if he cannot do evil. Religious language The nature of religious language is another traditional controversial issue in the philosophy of religion. The issue is whether the language of God is to be understood literally, metaphorically, or analogically (Pomerleau 601). Theists have struggled to find a language construing religion but philosophers of religion shou ld be free to mean what they say and to say what they mean. The philosophy of Christians The Christian philosophers suggested to their believers that they should never feel forced to follow the current philosophical trends but should instead stick to the teachings of the church and philosophize the issues in the church, which are believed to be of significant importance than the philosophical issues (Pomerleau 606). Christian philosophers are also reminded not to forget their Christianity obligations when working in the fields of philosophy. In this context, Christian philosophers have brought their faith to carry topic like analyzing the unlikely counterfactuals. Christians should read about the sinfulness of human kind and guilt as well as the salvation of God for human’s sake (Pomerleau 607). They should also inform themselves more about the bible, which is their holy book to reveal to them about God. One of the Christian doctrines, which have touched so much on Christiani ty and philosophy, is the trinity. This aspect has evoked a strong debate. Analytic philosophers have sought by using all tools to explain this concept, but they have not yet found an answer for it. Conclusion To conclude, the standard of discussion is still high and more research needs to be done. There is a lot of interest amongst philosophers of religion and other fields of study. Atheists need to research on the argument about God and bring forward sensible reasons for rejecting theism. Human beings have viewed Atheism from a right or wrong perspective, which has left most of them pessimistic.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The conclusions arrived at do not matter; the time spent to argue out these questions and ambiguities is not time wasted. This is because religious beliefs of human beings underpin the way they live their lives in this world. The clear answering of the above questions will be beneficial. The building of confidence in us will make us better people. Works Cited Collins, James. The Emergence of Philosophy of Religion. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1967. Print. Pomerleau, Wayne P. Western Philosophies of Religion. New York: Ardsley House, 1998. Print. This essay on Philosophy of Religion was written and submitted by user Raul S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

buy custom Alcohol Consumption Should Be Banned essay

buy custom Alcohol Consumption Should Be Banned essay Alcohol abuse is one of the most disturbing public health problems resulting in heavy burdens on the community at large; it is affecting individuals of all walks of life, ages, races, and social statuses. Contrary to what people think, alcohol has severe negative effects. Alcoholic beverages are used to encourage and stimulate socialization process as they are believed to reduce stress and make one open to communication. It sends stimuli to the brain; however, when taken in excessive doses, it may cause a number of harmful effects, such as vomiting, experiencing black-outs, slurred speech, and engagement in dangerous activities. In the long run, it can also lead to economic strains in the family and the economy. Taking alcohol in moderate amounts is considered beneficial since the relationship between drinking in moderation and reduced cases of heart diseases is proved by a number of evidences. Dr. Kenneth Mukamal of the Harvard School conducted a 12-year follow-up study of moderate and heavy alcohol drinkers. He found out that men who drink alcohol in moderation, that is, 3-7 days a week, have fewer heart attacks than those who drink once a week. The other advantage associated with moderate drinking is that it reduces the risk of diabetes both in women and men. In confirmation to this, there was conducted a research that involved alcohol being administered to people who were not diabetic. After a couple of months of this experiment, the results showed that drinking in moderation enhances the whole bodys sensitivity to insulin and may eventually lower insulin levels in blood, which, in the long run, will prevent diabetes. Recent studies also came out with the fact that moderate drinking reduces the risk of dementia in older people (with an average age of the mid-70s). On the contrary, there are a number of problems associated with heavy drinking, such as brain damage, problems with walking, hazy vision, and slurred speech. The use of alcohol also affects the brain; the impairments will be realized after the first and/or the continued consumption of it but the symptoms disappear once the drinking stops (Stand ridge, 2004). Some of the common disorders that have been associated with alcohol in relation to brain injury include the risk of being permanently impaired. When alcohol is taken in large quantities and/or fast, it also leads to a black-out, a condition in which a person can not recall any aspect of a certain event or total events that occurred while he/she was drunk. Excessive alcohol consumption can also lead to destruction of brain cells and thus, results in a complete degradation. It has also been established that high doses of alcohol can cause the loss of sensation and being unable to achieve orgasm, which ends up causing impotence. It also interferes with the functioning of the immune system, making the body unable to combat infectious diseases due to its long-term effect impeding the use of the immune cells. Alcohol also limits the absorption of nutrients and contributes to suffering from malnutrition in those who drink heavily. In the long run, it causes stomach ulcers and may greatly affect the liver, bringing on hepatitis, cirrhosis, or pancreatitis (NIAA, 2002). One of the advantages of having a good alcohol industry in the country is the fact that the government gets considerable revenue in form of taxes from selling alcoholic beverages. This enhances the development of the economy. The census that was carried out in the state of Mississippi in the year 2007 shows that a total of $41,977,000 was collected as tax proceeds from the sale of alcoholic beverages. The per capita income was a total of $14.38 for Mississippi which is the position 26 in per capita alcohol tax in the U.S. When recession had hit in 2008, 12 states decided to raise taxes on alcohol, some altered the law on alcohol in order to raise revenue. One of them was the stte of Maryland which pushed its tax rate from 6% to 9% which was expected to create revenue of about $85 million per annum. The government also increased revenue through changing the law in Atlanta; it repealed colonial era that had banned liquor on Sundays (Phillips, 2008). When people were visiting the Jack D aniels distillery they were not allowed to taste any liquor but this was later allowed as a part of packaging. Besides the industries, the universities were also involved in a bid of raising revenues. Therefore, they amended their laws concerning alcohol consumption and distribution; for instance, Louisiana State University took part in the release of Bandit Blonde ale (Severson, 2011). All these were done in an effort to raise income tax from alcohol. Despite the high revenue collected, this should not ignore the type of expenses that the government, individuals, and security agencies incurred in treatment of alcohol-related diseases that emerge as a result of abuse. The most comprehensive evaluation done in 1998 revealed that the cost of alcohol abuse was $185 billion; this was the expectation from the cost estimated in 1992 as of $148 billion. As at now, the value should be nearly over $200 billion. The costs that come with alcohol abuse are enormous and can be looked at from different angles. For instance, alcohol abuse has led to medical consequences of about $15,963 million used for treatment. The estimates updated from 1998, even though the data mentioned above is for 1995. The U.S also spend a lot of money on the alcohol abuse prevention which constitutes a significant funding for substance abuse prevention; many drug prevention initiatives address alcohol more frequently than any other drug, using an amount of approximatel y $1,397 million. There is also a sizeable chunk which goes to alcohol abuse research a total of $226 million; it shows the allocation authorized for NIAA from the federal budget and it displays actual price changes (NIAA, 2002). Besides, we cannot ignore the funds allocated for the education on alcohol abuse with a total of $90 million used annually for it. So as to understand this, one has to take into consideration the growing population and the increase in consumer price index. There is also the case of medical effect on alcohol consumption, these accounts a total of $15196 million as at 1998. Another medical case is for the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) which accounts for about $2,769 million; this money are used for treatment of children born with deformities, poor coordination, learning disabilities, poor memory, low birth weight, organ dysfunctions, or epilepsy (NIAAA 2000). When one dies prematurely, at his or her tender age due to alcohol-related diseases, we tend to lose future earnings estimated to be of about $36,499 million (NIAAA, 1998). Besides, there is also a loss of productivity due to multiple illnesses related to alcohol abuse, which accounts for $86,368 million. Moreover, alcoholics tend to engage in illegal activities due to their loss of morals; this turns out to be extremely costly (about $3,208 million) since the crime relates to criminal justice, property damage. We cant ignore motor vehicle accidents/crashes that are often the results of the drivers being intoxicated or drunk while driving; this accounts for about $8,592 million. Thus, the raising of revenue cannot at all be equated to the value of human lives; so much is lost in the long run while the government is in pursuit of income, which is not acceptable at all (NIAA,2002). The other benefit associated with alcohol is the way it makes people think, makes one interact freely, outgoing, and hassle-free. If one takes alcohol in goodly measure, it sets a pleasant ambience for a gathering of friends or dating. The research carried out in 2004 revealed alcohols ability to sharpen the mind. Individuals who use one glass per week are considered to have faster and more productive intelligent thought process than those who do not (Marmot et al, 2004). In addition, alcohol is a potent sedative, and it is widely used as a way to treat one's depression or avoid having to face certain life problems. However, even though alcohol helps to cheer oneself up, its effect is rather temporal and may severely increase the symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression. Alcohol would mainly fake ones perception, coordination, time of reaction, their ability to multitask, judgment, and make rational decisions; it is even worse if one loses his/her ability to distinguish dangerous situations. Intoxicated individuals have a poor estimation of speed, no accurate perception of reality, and are slow in decision-making, why it is very dangerous to drive in such a state of mind. Statistics shows that alcohol accounts for about 40% of fatal car crashes (Bryant, 2003. pg 479). The United States Department of Justice and statistics report on alcohol and crime indicated that nearly three million of violent crimes occur annually in which the victims apprehend the offender to have been drunk, 35% include victimization of an offender who had been drinking. In addition to this, individuals who drink are more likely to engage in risky sexual activities, for example: unprotected sex and multiple sexual partners. Leigh and Morrison (1991) reported that 50% of both ladies and men in their teen ages had been drunk at their first sexual encounter. The alcoholic intoxication and decrease in condom use are closely associated. Concerning the decrease in condom use, individuals may end up engaging in a sexual activity with a person they do not know, and due to the poor decision-making at that time, they might not use protection. David Jernigan, a director of the Centre on Alcohol Marketing and Youth, clearly criticizes the government act of raising revenue by stimulating the production and the use of alcohol since it is only a short-term effect, as he explains, while in the long run, they are losing much more, for example: police costs, charge of emergencies, and the labor costs in terms of Monday morning effects. There is also a relationship between suicide and alcohol abuse; it naturally leads to suicidal thoughts through disinhibition, impulsiveness, and judgment impairment. The connection established between alcohol consumption and suicide has become more compelling since 1960s and confirmed recently. The research on alcohol abuse and suicide has focused on suicidal ideation, or attempted suicide, rather than completed suicide. Suicide is a complication of either schizophrenic disorder, mood anxiety, or psychiatric disorder. In addition, co-morbid psychiatric disorders are commonly found in patients who drink alcohol. Wojnar, who investigated the relationship between alcohol abuse and impulsive suicide attempts, found out that out of 154 individuals hospitalized with alcohol dependence 43% attempted to commit suicide and 62% showed high rates of impulsiveness (Pompili et al, 2010). Generally, suicide is particularly prevalent in patients with alcohol use disorder. It can clearly be concluded that alcohol consumption has both its praiseworthy and the profane sides. The government develops alcohol industry in order to get revenue while individuals use it as a means of treating their depression or setting the right mood of the party. Among positive effects of alcohol is that it reduces incidences of some diseases, for example: high blood pressure, dementia, and heart diseases when taken in moderation. Among the adverse effects that it brings on are the multiple deaths caused by road accidents, diseases, suicidal tendencies, engagement in dangerous activities, and violent crimes. Once inebriated, a person puts himself/herself at risk of losing their judgment, experiencing black-outs, and impotence in men. Besides, excessive alcohol consumption considerably affects pregnant women causing fetal alcohol syndrome in their children. The list goes on and on, providing a great number of reasons why alcohol consumption should be banned. Buy custom Alcohol Consumption Should Be Banned essay

Does IT Matter Assignment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Does IT Matter Assignment - Coursework Example In terms of buyers, the buyers can be said to be fragmented since due to the many types of people possibly needing such services. There is no certain defined group that can control the outcome of the pricing. In fact, the buyers depend on the system which cannot be found on other car rental companies so switching costs are not yet a concern. This also minimized the threat of substitutes since the product is very unique. As for the suppliers, the channel of distribution is online. This make selling much easier, since there is no middle man or salesman who can interrupt in the process. As for the threat of new entrants, the costs for a competitor to switch to a similar system are quite risky since Zipcar has already a proven track-record. The reengineering of services would entail not only capitalization but training as well so, unless a new business has strong capitalization, Zipcar would be enjoying its current position. 2. Information technology had always been utilized by companies to gain competitive advantage. In Zipcar’s case, it has used IT to create a unique service that most people are used to nowadays (making reservations online). Likewise,it has created synergy by adapting a system that makes things more efficient not only for the customer but for the business as well.

Quality Management in Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Quality Management in Business - Assignment Example What is most important is the way in which a business puts arisen issues to bed such that there will not be a repetition of the same issues. The first part of this paper seeks to identify as well as apply strategies to come up with appropriate solutions. Continuously, well performing companies have come up with ways to be much better in their business. Some companies do believe that waste, scrap as well as defects are a mere cost of running a business. To some extent, they are right because this is a cost. However, this cost can and should be avoided give the reason that it is the cost of poor quality. It adds up once and repeatedly in the form of different currencies; Euros, dollars, pounds, and affects the ability of a company to remain profitable as well as the ability to remain in business. It is always advisable to remember that lack of cash happens to be what kills businesses most eventually. Problem solving art is referred as jidoka by the Japanese. The term simply means plain and simply a method that sports a problem as it arises in business, stopping it as well as analyzing the problem and finally spending time in resolving it such that it will not come up again. The thing involves a continuous culture improvement, which ta kes a great leadership and time. Failure to use effective strategies for solving problems for identification, containing as well as elimination of root causes of the problems has a detrimental and massive impact on business stability and performance. It seriously jeopardizes the competitiveness of the business and its existence as well. Errors are usually made in businesses; issues arise. Too many problems may exist, so how does one know the issue to deal with within the many? The best strategy must be put in place to help in diagnosing and eliminating the causes within the myriad of these issues. To start with, one needs to look for the issue carrying the biggest impact. The method

PSY 365 Psychology of Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PSY 365 Psychology of Diversity - Essay Example The hypothesis was that there were significant differences in these two influences on prosocial behavior according to age, and that gender differences would also emerge. 682 families participated in the study by answering questionnaires both from the parents and the teachers of the children. The sample was divided into children under 11 and those over 11 years. The results showed no significant difference in effect of genetics and environment according to gender. Individual differences in prosocial behavior emerged as children became adolescents, with environmental effect decreasing and genetics effect increasing. Although this study gathered data from the teachers, this data was only used to compare the ratings of parents with teachers as a way to confirm the level of prosocial behavior of the child. It was not used to compare the effect of shared (home) environment with unshared (school) environment. Two years later Knafo and Plomin (2006) also examined the effect of the environment and genetics on prosocial behavior in young children. This was a longitudinal study at ages 2, 3, 4 and 7 of a sample of 9,424 pairs of twins in the UK. The main hypothesis was that genetics and environment do not continue to affect behavior and that new influences emerge in later years. The study measured the level of prosocial behavior, the shared environment, the unshared environment and the genetic influences. The results of the study indicated that the shared environment had less effect as the children aged, but the genetics had a greater effect. The results also showed that the genetic effects account for both change and continuity in prosocial behavior but the nonshared environments effects account mainly for the changes in prosocial behavior. Although Knafo and Plomin only carried out their study to age 7, both studies found that genetic effects on prosocial behavior increased with age and that the biological influence of genetics increased whereas

Beauty In The Bluest Eye English Literature Essay

Beauty In The Bluest Eye English Literature Essay Toni Morrisons novel, The Bluest Eye is a great read that reflects racism in a different way. Racism is usually understood as a class being oppressed or discriminated by another. However, in The Bluest Eye racism has been approached in a very unique way. The characters in this novel are subjected to internalize a set of values that are taught from their descendants and are fragmented. The black community in the novel has accepted white standards of beauty, judging Maureens light skin to be beautiful and Pecolas dark skin to be ugly. Giving a rise to Pecolas obsessive desire to have the Bluest Eyes. In this book The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison, beauty seems to be necessary to have happiness. Especially when it comes to Pecola Breedlove, Pecola and her entire family was seen as ugly, in fact the exact wording from the book is relentlessly and aggressively ugly. Pecolas unhappiness with her looks had her often wishing she could disappear. Letting herself breathe easy now, Pecola covered her head with the quilt. The sick feeling, which she had tried to prevent by holding in her stomach, came quickly in spite of her precaution. There surged in her the desire to heave, but as always, she knew she would not. Please, God, she whispered into the palm of her hand. Please make me disappear. She squeezed her eyes shut. Little parts of her body faded away. Now slowly, now with a rush. Slowly again. Her fingers went, one by one; then her arms. disappeared all the way to the elbow. Her feet now. Yes, that was good. The legs all at once. It was hardest above the thighs. She had to be real stil l and pull. Her stomach would not go. But finally it, too, went away. Then her chest, her neck. The face was hard, too. Almost done, almost. Only her tight, tight eyes were left. They were always left. Try as she might, she could never get her eyes to disappear (pg 13). This part of the story is very clear to me; there is a time in every childs life when they wish they were invisible. Society today as well as in the 1940s has placed standards in which beauty is measured up to; a lot of people have a hard time separating themselves from societys standards of beauty. Each person is beautiful in their own way: each persons eye has its own idea of beauty. This story takes places in the 1940s but the issues reflected in it still go on presently today. In the beginning of the book the symbol of beauty is Shirley Temple, a girl with golden curls, blue eyes and a bright smile. Freda and Pecola love Shirley, yet Claudia on the other hand despises her. Claudia dislike for Shirley Temple is so strong that she dislikes anyone that remotely looks like her. While on the other hand Pecola loves Shirley Temple so much that she drank 3 pints of milk over a 24 hour period just to look at Shirleys image on the cup. Claudia and Pecola are two little girls that are so much alike but so different. Claudia at her young age despises the image that Pecola considers beauty so much to a point where she destroys dolls which remind her of this beauty. Pecola is so intrigued with blue eyes and their concept of beauty, that she purchases Mary Jane candy with the blue-eyed blond girl on the outside. Pecola thinks that by selecting this candy she will feel closer to the little girl pictured on the candy. Throughout the book Pecolas desire to have blue eyes s ets her up on a path of destruction. Pecola longs for blue eyes, she thinks, .if those eyes of her were different, that is to say, beautiful, she herself would be different (46). Pecola in her mind believes that if she has blue eyes she will be considered beautiful, and will be liked. She is constantly praying to have blue eyes. Most of us have felt the feelings that Pecola had, it may not be who has the bluest eye like in the 1940s, but today we have our own set of beauty standards. In today society its all about who has the most money, or who is the skinniest, and if you are not rich, there is some program you can purchase to teach you how to become rich, and a doctor that can get you skinny instantly. In todays society television is the main source of the misconception of beauty. In the 1940s it was things as simple as a piece of candy or a doll. Pecola as a young girl fell victim to these misconceptions. In this book the Breedlove family was outdoors. Claudia indicates in the story that if a family is considered outdoors it was a real terror of life. The Breedloves were described as aggressively ugly. After reading this book, the Breedloves were not actually ugly in appearance. Their beliefs and actions are what made them ugly. The Breedloves became victims of their environment and all have some type of dysfunction. When a person hears or sees something long enough it becomes a reality. Everything around the Breedloves pointed out ugly in them. It began for Mrs. Breedlove at the movie theater, when she lost a tooth from then on she gave up on her outward appearance. Cholly Breedloves problems began when he was a child and was humiliated by the police while having relations with a female in the bushes. The humiliation he felt made him have a hate towards woman and himself which he expressed by drinking heavily, beating his wife, and raping his daughter. Each family member had a destru ctive attitude. Sammy expressed himself through bursts of murderous rage aimed at his father. Pecola stayed hidden. Pecolas desire to want blue eyes is more than a result of her story. It is from hundreds of years of racial tension. Pecolas inability to deal with the real world brought on mental illness and caused her to create a false reality where she has invented a friend. Together they would walk the streets and vacant lots and discuss Pecolas new blue eyes. Toni Morrison did a great job writing this book, this novel is very visual, at times I could smell the marigolds, or picture the Breedloves in battle. There is one thing that is very obvious from this novel, the tragedy known as Pecolas life.

Macbeth A Character Analysis O :: essays research papers

A Character Analysis of Lady Macbeth   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  “What’s done cannot be undone'; This is what Lady Macbeth said to her husband when he returned from murdering King Duncan. The statement is subtle and explains her way of thinking. Although Lady Macbeth is not completely evil-minded, she does play a big part as the antagonist in Shakespeare’s Macbeth. Lady Macbeth is a cold, heartless, and deceitful character. What did she get for being evil?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shakespeare did not supply us with much solid information about Lady Macbeth’s outward appearance. Context clues are all that can be used to assume what she looks like. Examples of context clues are her manner of speaking, actions, and the surrounding characters’ actions. Lady Macbeth often spoke hastily and interrupted. She is a cold, two-faced woman who resorts to going through extremes to get her way. Lady Macbeth also assisted Macbeth in the murder of King Duncan by giving him the idea of killing the King. In scene 1-5 Macbeth addressed his lady as his “dearest partner of greatness';. He might have meant that he sees her as his equal in authority. Most people see people in power and authority as being solid characters. Lady Macbeth might have been a solidly built woman, perhaps brunette, and elegantly dressed, for her husband was of importance and they probably were higher in the social ladder. Through her actions and words, Lady Macbeth’s personality can be summed up in one word: deceitful. She would have done anything to get her way and made sure to do so. In act 1-7 she stated that she easily would have killed her own baby if she promised to do so. She is not trustworthy of anyone but her husband, if that. If it weren’t for her, many murders would not have taken place. She was the driving force is Macbeth’s reasoning and his added to his downfall.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Knowing now her personality traits and assumed physical traits, it’s clear how they fit together. Although she hid it well, any suspecting character could have very well seen the ice in her eyes. Lady Macbeth did not radiate kindness from her appearance because that was not what she felt inside. Her amoral motives showed in her body language, for a truly innocent being would be graceful and could never harm another with such ease.

Game Theory Essay

Game theory happens to be a branch of applied mathematics which is used in social science. Its main objective is to capture behaviors but in this case mathematically in strategic situations where the success of an individual in choice making is largely dependent on the choices that are made by other people. This is the base or the main theme that underlies in the game theory. This is the same theme that is supposed to be articulated in this article. The author ignores the fact that game theory come in different types and only expresses one type of game theory specifically zero sum and non zero sum game theory. He concentrates only on this type of game theory leaves the reader with little or no information concerning the other types of game theory. (Miller, 2003) However, in the article, the author only concentrates on only one aspect of game theory and goes ahead and offers solutions or recommendations to that one aspect that he deals with. Game theory has gone ahead and included other aspects in the line of business other than the competition. This competition was only of one individual based on the expense of the other person which was commonly referred to as zero sum games. These happen to be the only issue that is covered here by the author of this article. I can therefore say that this article fails to present all the aspects which are involved or which matters as far as game theory is concerned. I can therefore say that there is more to game theory and that the recommendations proposed may not be that effective even if implemented. Some of the recommendations may therefore be said to deviate from the core subject that is under discussion. (Barnett, 1995) However this does not mean that the article is null and void. The author in the article gives a very good example of the basic concept and the meaning of game theory. By use of the example of the two people in the article, the author paints out a clear picture of the principle of game theory and what is involved. It is clear to understand even to a person who does not have an idea of what game theory is. Further, the author gives recommendations or rather rules of what to do so that one may emerge successfully in any business that he or she may be conducting. (Barnett, 1995) The author may be said to fully address the issue to the game theory on the context that he is viewing form; that of competition. In addition, unlike in the other cases where the recommendations that are set are usually impractical, here the author sets the recommendations that are practical in real life and which if they are implemented effectively will help the two organizations succeed in their sole objective of increasing their sales or rather profits. (Miller, 2003) The author also familiarized the reader with all the factors that maybe of essence incase one is involved in the business and experiencing these types of problems. He covers a larger area other than only the game theory gives recommendations which if they are implemented, they result to implementation of the recommendations of game theory. In conclusion, even though the author fails to deal with the other types of game theories, he has completely discussed this type of game theory giving all the recommendations required which would even be applicable to the other game theories if they are implemented as directed. ? References Barnett, F. (1995). Making Game Theory Work in Practice. Wall Street Journal , A14. Miller, J. (2003). Game Theory at Work. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishers.

Brown v. Board of Education Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

Brown v. Board of Education Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers Brown v. Board of Education Subject: History Brown v. Board of Education Brown v. Board of Education In 1896 the Supreme Court had held in Plessy v. Ferguson that racial segregation was permissible as long as equal facilities were provided for both races. Although that decision involved only passenger accommodations on a rail road, the principle of "separate but equal" was applied thereafter to all aspects of public life in states with large black populations. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, decided on May 17, 1954, was one of the most important cases in the history of the U.S. Supreme Court. Linda Brown had been denied admission to an elementary school in Topeka because she was black. Brought together under the Brown designation were companion cases from South Carolina, Virginia, and Delaware, all of which involved the same basic question: Does the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment prohibit racial segregation in the public schools? It was not until the late 1940's that the Court began to insist on equality of treatment, but it did not squarely face the constitutionality of the "separate but equal" doctrine until it decided the Brown case. In a brief, unanimous opinion delivered by Chief Justice Earl Warren, the Court declared that: "separate education facilities are inherently unequal" and that racial segregation violates the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment. In a moving passage, the chief justice argued that separating children in the schools solely on racial grounds "generates a felling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely to be undone." Although the decision did not bring about total integration of blacks in the schools, it resulted in efforts by many school systems to remove the imbalance by busing students. The Court's decision had far reaching effects, influencing civil rights legislation and the civil rights movement of the 1960's.

All the ACT Idioms You Need Complete List

All the ACT Idioms You Need Complete List SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Idiom questions on the ACT are different from the other grammar questions on the ACT. Why? Idiom questions don’t conform to specific rules. You have to rely on your intuitive grasp of English and your familiarity with certain phrases. Because you’re likely to encounter at least a few idiom questions on the ACT English test, I’ll provide you with some information about idioms that should help you raise your ACT English score. In this post, I’ll do the following: Explain the concept of an idiom. Detail the most common types of idiom questions on the ACT English section. Offer strategies to help you identify and correctly answer idiom questions. Give a thorough list of idioms to help guide your studying. Provide you with ACT English practice questions to test you on what you’ve learned. What Is an Idiom? Idioms are phrases or expressions that do not conform to simple rules. Each idiom, by definition, is unique. Most people think of idioms as expressions that often have figurative meanings different from their literal meanings. Examples of this type of idiom include "actions speak louder than words," "barking up the wrong tree," and "make a long story short." However, the ACT does not test you on these colloquial expressions. ACT English idiom questions will test you on different types of idioms. Idioms have no rules. How Are Idioms Tested on the ACT English Section? While the ACT doesn't test you on the figurative expressions I referenced above, the ACT does test you on two types of idioms: prepositional idioms and idioms with gerunds/infinitives. Prepositional Idioms For prepositional idioms, you must know which prepositions to use with a given word based on the context of the sentence. For example, you should say that you "wonder about" something, not "wonder on" something. You're "suspicious of" something, not "suspicious by" something. There is no rule to determine the correct preposition to use. You must be familiar with the phrase or rely on what you think "sounds right." Here's an example sentence with a prepositional idiom: Unsurprisingly, after Corey decided not to pay back the substantial loan given to him by his best friend, everyone was outraged for Corey’s behavior. This is a typical sentence with an idiom error you may encounter on the ACT. There's no violation of a specific grammar rule in the sentence. However, the phrase "outraged for" is incorrect. The sentence should read: Unsurprisingly, after Corey decided not to pay back the substantial loan given to him by his best friend, everyone was outragedbyCorey’s behavior. The proper expression is "outraged by." There is no rule that allows you to determine the correct idiomatic expression. Familiarity with the given phrases will greatly help you in identifying idiom errors. There's another type of idiom that is commonly tested on the ACT. Idioms with Gerunds or Infinitives Gerunds are verbs that are used as nouns and end in "ing." Examples of gerunds include skipping, talking, and performing. Infinitives are verbs used as nouns and are constructed by using the word "to" plus a verb. Examples of infinitives include to do, to analyze, and to explain. So what are some examples of idioms with gerunds or infinitives? The correct phrase is "capable of being," not "capable to be." The proper idiomatic expression is "regarded asbeing," not "regardedto being." For these types of idioms, you need to know which preposition to use and whether to use a gerund or an infinitive. With some idioms, depending on the context, it's acceptable to use an infinitive or a gerund. Here's an example with the gerund in bold: I neglected doing my homework. The sentence is also correct if you use an infinitive: I neglected to do my homework. While both of those sentences are correct, this is a sentence with an idiom error: Shelby will succeed in to graduate from college. The phrase "succeed in to graduate" is incorrect. Do you know the right idiomatic expression to use? This is the corrected version of the sentence: Shelby will succeed in graduating from college. There's no rule to learn that will indicate that "succeed in graduating" is the correct phrase. Here's one more example of an idiom error: Gina decides leaving the group when we go out. This is how the sentence looks after we fix the idiom error: Gina decides to leave the group when we go out. The infinitive form should be used with the word "decides." Now here are couple of actual idiom questions from real ACTs. Real ACT English Examples Try to answer this idiom question from a real ACT: Explanation: The answer is D. The right idiomatic expression is "sat across from." Here's one more for you: The court agreed with Kevin that a person's right for wearing clothing of his or her own choosing is, in fact, protected by the Fourteenth Amendment. A. NO CHANGE B. of wearing C. to wear D. wearing Explanation: The correct expression is â€Å"right to wear clothing of his or her own choosing." The answer is C. Why Are Idiom Questions Difficult/Easy? Why They're Difficult Idiom questions can be challenging because other grammar questions follow specific rules or patterns that can be applied to all sentences. Idiom questions test your knowledge of specific idiomatic expressions. Literally, there are thousands of idioms. It's not practical to try to remember each one. Furthermore, ESL students are less likely to be able to identify idiom errors. Knowledge of idioms tends to be built throughout a lifetime of exposure to them. Why They're Easy Idiom questions are the only ones where solely relying on what "sounds right" is likely to give you the right answer. These questions do not require you to understand and apply a rule. If you're familiar with the specific idioms that appear on the ACT English section, you can easily spot any idiom errors. ACT English Tips for Idiom Questions #1: If a preposition, gerund, or infinitive is underlined, check for idiom errors. #2: The question may be testing idioms if the answer choices are all prepositions. #3: Keep a list of idioms that appear on your practice tests. #4: Review and familiarize yourself with the list of idioms below. List of ACT Idioms While there are thousands of idioms in the English language, almost all idiom questions I’ve encountered on the ACT involve prepositional idioms or idioms with gerunds/infinitives. I've listed some of the more common prepositional idioms and idioms with gerunds/infinitives to help guide your studying. Idioms that have appeared on questions in the Real ACT Prep Guide (the red book) are listed first. It's not practical for you to memorize every single idiom on this list. There are usually less than a handful of idiom questions on the ACT English section. Spending numerous hours learning hundreds of idioms would not be the best use of your study time. However, I do recommend that you review this list periodically to become more familiar with these phrases. Thinking about proper idiom construction should benefit you when you encounter idiom questions on the ACT. You'll improve your intuitive grasp of idioms and be able to better recognize idiom errors. After trying to learn every idiom This is my extensive list of idioms: IDIOMS FROM REAL ACT PREP GUIDE come to a conclusion come to a halt come to an end earned a living from/by doing in the dusk modeled on principles of such as PREPOSITIONAL IDIOMS About anxious about ask about bring about curious about hear about think about talk about worry about Against adviseagainst argue against count against decide against defend against go against rebel against As celebrate as regard as see as view as At aim at arriveat laugh at look at succeedat By accompanied by amazed by confused by followed by go by impressed by organized by struck by For advocate for ask for blame for famous for known for last for meant for named for necessary for pay for ready for responsible for tolerance for strive for wait for watch for From abstain from different from excuse from far from obvious from protect from Into enter into lookinto inquire into read into In engage in fall in love in Aas inB interested in succeed in take in Study hard! On base on draw on focus on impose on insist on move on prey on rely on Over argue over ruleover talk over thinkover Of approve of capable of certainof characteristic of combination of A and B cure of deprive of die of a fan of in danger of in the hope of in recognition of made up of a model of an offer of on the border of remind of a selection of a source of suspicious of take advantage of an understanding of a wealth of To able to accustomed to adapt to adhere to admit to adjacent to agree to as opposed to belong to central to come to contribute to devoted to in addition to in contrast to listen to object to prefer Ato B partial to reluctant to reply to see to similar to a threat to try to (NOT try and) unique to With agree with bargain with correlate with familiar with identify with in keeping with interfere with sympathize with trust with You can do it! GERUNDS VS. INFINITIVES Verbs Followed by a Gerund accuse of admire for allow appreciate capable of complete concentrate on confess to consider delay describe discourage from discuss dislike effective at enjoy escape finish forbid imagine insist on permit plan on postpone refrain from report resent resume stop tolerate PrepositionsFollowed by a Gerund before after without Verbs Followed by an Infinitive agree attempt choose condescend dare decide deserve encourage expect fail intend love mean neglect offer plan prepare promise refuse scramble seem strive swear tend threaten want Additional ACT English Practice Questions Hooray for making it to this point in the article! I know that was a long list. By now, you should understand the concept of idioms and how idioms are tested on the ACT. I've created some realistic ACT English questions on idioms for you. Consider the proper construction of idiomatic expressions and try to answer these questions without referring to the list above. 1. My parents allow me staying out late because I have earned their trust. A. NO CHANGE B. stayed C. to stay D. is staying 2. Despite his efforts, Gerald is incapable at eating without staining his shirt. A. NO CHANGE B. to eat C. eating D. of eating 3. Even though I tend to not enjoy magic, I was amazed to the trick the illusionist did at the end of his show. A. NO CHANGE B. by C. from D. into 4. Wyeth insisted on watching The O'Reilly Factor every single night. A. NO CHANGE B. insisted by C. insisted in D. insisted to Answers:1. C, 2. D, 3. B, 4. A What's Next? Congratulations on your continued efforts to improve your ACT English score. Make sure you check out this article on the five critical concepts you must understand to ace ACT English. Also, many students fear ACT English questions about commas; you don't have to live in fear. If you're looking for a basic overview of the ACT English section, read about what's actually tested on ACT English. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this English lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Decision Making Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Decision Making - Assignment Example 5’S model emphasizes on providing the workers with resources. Role clarification helps improve productivity. Reinforcement inculcates motivation in the workers to achieve the assigned tasks. Regulation promotes clarity of vision and clarity with respect to what behaviors are allowed. Workers need this clarity in order to behave as required of them. Reward reaffirms the workers that they are on the right track and that they are being noticed. Being assigned resources, it becomes easier for the workers to achieve their goals. Role clarification helps eradicate interpersonal conflicts. Reinforcement reassures the workers that the work they are doing is of importance to the management and the organization as a whole, so that the workers feel owned, important, and appreciated. Regulation promotes clarity with respect to what behaviors are forbidden so that workers refrain from displaying them in the workplace. Rewards keeps the workers from feeling neglected. Without resources, workers might take too long or never be able to accomplish the assigned

Type II Diabetes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Type II Diabetes - Research Paper Example This equates to approximately $1 of every $10 health care dollars spent caring for this illness. Like all other healthcare issues in the United States, this cost has only increased in recent years. Although the statistics in the U.S. are staggering, the International Diabetes Federation reports that of the ten most diabetes-prone countries in the world, seven of them are developing countries that don’t typically have access to the best treatment, medicine or have reliable reporting techniques to be able to track the illness. Diabetes increases an individual’s risks of stroke and heart disease as well as present a number of other health problems. â€Å"These life-threatening consequences strike people with diabetes more than twice as often as they do others† (American Diabetes Association, 2006). Other complications associated with diabetes include kidney disease, blindness, and the threat of amputations. â€Å"In some countries in the Caribbean and the Middle Ea st, the percentage of the diabetic population ranges from 12 to 20 percent† (Dorfman, 2007). Regardless of one’s position within the medical profession, one should have knowledge of this illness and the way in which it can affect patient health. Insulin is the primary factor involved in diabetes. A healthy body produces insulin as a means of managing the levels of glucose within the bloodstream. Glucose is a simple sugar that enters the body through consumed food and makes its way into red blood cells as one of the body’s primary sources of energy. In a healthy body, the levels of glucose remain relatively constant, giving the individual a stable source of energy throughout the day. This is accomplished through the production of glucagons and insulin, both specific forms of hormones produced by the pancreas. The insulin acts as a regulator of glucose, preventing it from disproportionate increases. Type II diabetes refers to ‘non-insulin-dependent’ or