Pakistan Steel Mills Essay Example for Free

Pakistan Steel Mills Essay Topic: Privatization of Pakistan Steel Mills Subject: Pakistan Economic Policy Submitted By: M. Faizan Sohail (7133) Faculty: Shahid Iqbal Date of Submission: 12th August 2010 Pakistan Steel Mills Introduction: Pakistan Steel Mills is the producer of long rolled steel products in Karachi, Pakistan. The Pakistan Steel Mill is the countrys largest industrial undertaking having a production capacity of 1. 1 million tons of steel. The enormous dimensions of the project can be visualized from the construction inputs which involved the use of 1. 9 million cubic meters of concrete, 5. 70 million cubic meters of earth work (second to Tarbela Dam), 330,000 ton of machinery, steel structures and electrical equipment. It’s unloading and conveyor system at Port Qasim is the third largest in the world and its industrial water reservoir with a capacity of 110 million gallons per day is the largest in Asia. A 2. 5 km long sea water channel connects the sea water circulation system to the plant site with a consumption of 216 million gallons of sea water per day. Soviet Contribution to Steel Mill In January 1971 Pakistan and the USSR signed an agreement under which the latter agreed to provide techno-financial assistance for the construction of a coastal-based integrated steel mill at Karachi. The huge construction and erection work of an integrated steel mill, never experienced before in the country, was carried out by a consortium of Pakistani construction companies under the overall supervision of Soviet experts. Corporate Business and Net worth Pakistan Steel not only had to construct the main production units, but also a host of infrastructure facilities involving unprecedented volumes of work and expertise. Component units of the steel mills numbering over twenty, and each a big enough factory in its own right, were commissioned as they were completed between 1981 to 1985, with the Coke Oven and Byproduct Plant coming on stream first and the Galvanizing Unit last. Commissioning of Blast Furnace No. on 14 August, 1981 marked Pakistans entry into the elite club of iron and steel producing nations. The project was completed at a capital cost of Rs. 24,700 million. The completion of the steel mill was formally launched by the then-President of Pakistan on 15 January, 1985. Pakistan Steel today is the countrys largest industrial undertaking, having a production capacity of 1. 1 million tons of steel. Founders of Pakistan Still Mills The real founders of Pakistan Steel Mills are Prof. Dr. Niaz Muhammad, Wahab Siddiqui and Russian scientist Mikhail Koltokof. It was the hard work of Dr. Niaz Muhammad that thousands of scientists and technical staff got trained by him. His inspirations and innovations got him the highest award from President of Pakistan, and also from Government of Russia. The Government of Pakistan has given him Pride of Performance. His nomination for Nobel Prize was biggest respect what Pakistan achieved. Social obligations Pakistan Steel Mills, besides its core activities, has done a lot in making the environment in and around Pakistan Steel green and beautiful through the addition of three unique projects: the Quaid-I-Azam Park, The Quaid-I-Azam Cricket Park and the Quaid-I-Azam Beach. The Quaid-I-Azam Park, which spreads out over an area of 45acre, consists of a series of six interconnected lakes, lush green lawns and grassy terraces, colorful flower beds, fountains, life- size steel-made models of wild and marine animals, a jogging track, a bird sanctuary and mini-zoo, as well as a childrens play and recreational ground and boating facilities. The other unique project, known as the Quaid-I-Azam Cricket Park, has been established amidst the pleasing surroundings of Steel Town, featuring sloping grassy terraces all around for spectators and four diagonally-located hillocks with seating arrangements to provide a panoramic view of the game. This is spread over an area of 32000 sq. meters and is equipped with all the necessary facilities, conforming to international standards. The third project, Quaid-I-Azam Beach, is being developed with the aim to provide a seaside recreational spot to the employees of Pakistan Steel, especially those residing at Steel Town and Gulshan-e-Hadeed. Pakistan Steel is also on its way to establish Quaid-I-Azam National Park over a vast area of 400acre adjacent to Steel Town which shall be a tremendous contribution in the development of the environment. The organization also has a football team Pakistan Steel FC that currently competes in the Pakistan Premier League. History Privatization of Pakistan Steel Mills After independence in 1947, it did not take long for Pakistan to come to the realization that progressive industrial and economical development would be impossible without the possession of a self reliant iron and steel making plant. The dependence on imports would cause serious setbacks to the country along with an extortionately high import bill which would be impossible to support. In 1968, the Government of Pakistan decided that the Karachi Steel Project should be sponsored in the public sector, for which a separate Corporation, under the Companies Act, be formed. In pursuance of this decision, Pakistan Steel Mills Corporation Limited was incorporated as a private limited company to establish and run steel mills at Karachi. Pakistan Steel Mills Corporation concluded an agreement with V/o Tyaz Promexport of the USSR in January, 1969 for the preparation of a feasibility report for the establishment of a coastal-based integrated steel mill at Karachi. Bhutto  had signed a contract with the former USSR to help build the project. The project was estimated  to cost Rs 10 billion but was completed at a cost of Rs 30 billion and took ten years to finish. The foundation stone of this vital and gigantic project was laid on 30 December, 1973 by the Prime Minister of Pakistan Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. The completion of the steel mill was formally launched by the then-President of Pakistan on 15 January, 1985. The steel mill project provided 20,000 jobs for workers from all over Pakistan. Unfortunately, from the very beginning plotting were launched by the bureaucracy against the workers in order to destroy their moral and ruin their potential. A propaganda campaign was started in the media to give the impression that the project was a burden on the national economy and that it was â€Å"a white elephant†. This campaign gradually became noisier  and  the idea that there were 8000 surplus workers who were a burden and needed to be gotten rid of was widely propagated. However, the bureaucracy and the press found it impossible to attack the workers due to the political strength and unity of the militant trade unions. With its propaganda having failed and its aims in ruins, the bureaucracy resorted to the traditional and criminal tactics of the ruling class – the tactic of â€Å"divide and rule†. In 1986 Zia-ul-haq dictatorship  began a series of brutal political assaults in Pakistan. The ruling class succeeded in generating racial  conflicts among workers, which  not only divided the workers but also weakened the labor movement. This tactic of â€Å"divide and rule† also affected Pakistan Steel. In 1988 the trade unions were divided on racial grounds which resulted in bloody hatred and ended  the traditional revolutionary unity of the unions. The labour movement was constantly harassed and its leadership degenerated and became demoralized. In 1992 Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif appointed a General, Sabeeh Qamar-uz-zaman, as chairman of Pakistan Steel. He was given the task of improving the situation and â€Å"normalizing† the working conditions. He imposed an undeclared ban on the trade unions at Pakistan Steel. Terror and the harassment  of the unions were  enforced in the name of discipline. An  internal security intelligence  unit, the  FIU, was also established and was headed by an army colonel. This notorious  intelligence unit discovered that 1500 workers were a â€Å"security risk†. These workers were punished and removed from their jobs. In 1995 Benazir Bhutto, in her second term in office, reinstated most of these workers. However not all of them were reinstated. During his second tenure in 1997, Nawaz Sharif  introduced  many reactionary anti-labour laws. The ex-chief of the FIU, Colonel Afzal, a batch mate of General Musharraf, was appointed as managing director of Pakistan Steel. This gentleman was twice suspended on corruption charges from his previous post as chief of the FIU, yet somehow he still merited the promotion to chairman. After Musharraf overthrew Nawaz Sharif in 1999, he introduced his â€Å"Seven Point Agenda† to the nation. Not surprisingly his top priority was the introduction of the brutal policies of rightsizing and downsizing, which in practice meant maximizing  unemployment. These policies  were sweetened with another Black Law: the Industrial Relations Ordinance 2000. In June 2000 the chairman of Pakistan Steel announced the immediate dismissal of 436 workers. The workers were informed in their dismissal orders that their services were no longer required. This was just the beginning however, and a new policy was enforced where workers were requested to enjoy the â€Å"benefits† of the VRP (Volunteer Retirement Policy). All of these laws and policies were exercised in the worst manner in Pakistan Steel; it became a model and an example to whole country, and to all workers and trade unions. 8500 jobs were ruthlessly cut by these barbaric policies. These sackings affected the workers deeply, and led to a change in consciousness. On December 31, 2001 the workers of Pakistan Steel organized a general strike against the anti-labor policies of the chairman and the government. The workers blocked all roads and access to the mill. On February 7, 2003 the workers again organized a strike. The authorities attempted to stop the strike by using the tactics of delay. But this only served to provoke the workers, and on March 8, 2003 the workers again blocked the roads. This time they also occupied the mill. This action paralyzed the authorities but unfortunately the struggle was lost because the workers were betrayed at the negotiating table by the trade union leadership. It was apparent that  this struggle could have galvanized the working class nationally  and that it could have found a mass basis. However, in the end it was drowned in petty compromises and conciliations. On December 30, 2003 Chairman Afzal was suddenly dismissed and again a General, Abdul Qayum was appointed as the new  chairman. He immediate gave the impression to the workers that the situation would be totally reversed and that the workers would not have to fear any  more suspensions or dismissals. He also announced an extension plan for Pakistan Steel that would create more jobs. However, just before initiating the extension plan, it was announced that Pakistan Steel would be privatised rather than proceed with the extension. This was a clear declaration of a severe attack on the rights of the workers. This was a clear attack  on their jobs and their working conditions. This declaration provoked 12,500 workers who are drawing the conclusion that they need to fight back. The government was not as lucky in the case of Pakistan Steel Mills as it had been with regard to certain other privatization deals.

Jim Morrison :: essays research papers

Mr. Mojo Risin’ and Fallin’: The Life and Death of Jim Morrison He is often referred to as the "electric poet" for his tantalizing words and mesmerizing music, and called to be the "Lizard King" for his deep obsession for all creatures of nature. His name is James Douglas Morrison. Jim Morrison is one of the most influential artists in history. His life brought inspiration to many young people’s lives, and his death continues to weave us into the mysteries that he left behind for us to break through. One certain mystery happened the night his soul passed on. No one really knows what happened to Jim that made him leave the world that night. There are rumors of death from natural causes, a heroin overdose, or even that he is still alive and well keeping the rest of his life a secret to us all. To better understand Jim Morrison himself, a background of his life and especially his character is necessary. James Douglas Morrison was born on December 8, 1943, in Melbourne, Florida (Hopkins 5). He was the first child of George Stephen Morrison and Clara Clark Morrison. He had two younger siblings, Anne and Andrew ("James" 1). His father was an officer in the United States Navy and his mother remained a housewife to act as the "dominant parent" over the three kids (Hopkins 22). After graduating from Florida State University, he attended film school at the University of California at Los Angeles in 1964, where he met Ray Manzarek. A year later, the two form a band called The Doors with Robbie Krieger and John Densmore after Jim reveals to Ray some songs that he had written (Rocco 172). Jim Morrison was on vocals, Ray Manzarek on organ, Robbie Krieger on guitar, and John Densmore on the drums. The Doors became a very successful band, recording fourteen albums al together, not including bootleg recordings (Rocco 184). In 1971, the four Doors break up after Jim decides to move to Paris to pursue a writing career. Jim Morrison was intelligent, intimidating, sensitive, wild, just about everything a person could be rolled into one. In a publicity bio recorded by Elektra, Jim says, I’ve always been attracted to ideas that were about revolt against authority-- when you make your peace with authority, you become an authority. I like ideas about the breaking away or overthrowing of established order---I am interested in anything about revolt, disorder, chaos, especially activity that seems to have no meaning (Hopkins 107).

Performance in a Business Environment Essay

The purpose and benefits of continuously improving my own performance at work is to move one step forward and exceed my limitations, achieve further goals, self-motivation, not to be the same person and on the same position after a certain of time, to exceed my performance at work and doing work, improving my own performance helps me to progress on my career and give me a job satisfaction. However this leads me to evaluate my own work by looking at the work that takes the most time, and what actions can I take to do this task in a less time, however at the same time I look at the best part of the job that I do and also look for areas where I can improve. I normally speak to my colleagues that are more experience than me regarding this and take advice as well as guidance to do so. It is so important for me to get feedback and to accept it from others as this will help me to learn from my mistakes and be more confident in the work I am doing. Receiving feedback also helps me see myself from the perspective of others and how other people see me I always accept feedback whether positive or negative, as positive will help me to work harder and keep the good work I’m doing, as well as negative will help me to learn from my past failures and mistakes so I can correct them. In every organisation it is so important to provide a Good quality piece of work, as a very challenging person I always try new ways, different ways to do my work with a good quality and within less time scale. I always learn new things either in the office as my day to day tasks or at home for my long term career goals. My own learning and development does not only improve my work and productivity, it improves and benefits the team I work with as well as the whole organisation. The more I learn, the more I can do. This benefits the organisation by increasing productivity. It helps me to identify gaps between my job requirements or future work roles and the existing knowledge, understanding and skills. This is one of the reasons that we have in our organisation a private website that provides different short courses for self-development. The progression route from my current role will be towards a Management Information Analysts role, and then eventually a Business Analyst role as my long term role. This will also help me work towards my career I wish to pursue in the educational field, where I will have to also demonstrate data management tasks on my day to day tasks at work. After completing my Apprenticeship in Business and Admin L3, I am looking forward to starting an Apprenticeship L4 with a hard working to  develop my career to the next level as Management Information Analysts towards my long term career as a Business Analysts. I already have experie nce working in education, retail and IT. I will be working harder to meet my above career development with a good salary package and job description, where I can best use my skills, talents and capabilities. So by developing my skills I can look at possible interesting careers and sectors that I might be interested in and develop my opportunities in securing a good job. A learning plan is a way for everyone to set personal targets and record achievements. It helps me as a person to keep on track towards where I want to be in my life and my work. The reason for making a plan is, it simply helps me to take more control of my future, by reminding me what I have learned, achieved and enjoyed. Creating my plan can help me develop more confidence in my ability to tackle new things, become more employable, and get more out of life.

The Invention Of The Light Bulb - 1299 Words

Have you ever wondered who invented the light bulb? Well here is some history on the inventor Thomas Alva Edison. Thomas was on February 11, 1847 in Milan, Ohio. He did many great inventions during his life. I will tell you later on in the paper about some of his inventions. In 1844- His family moved to Port Huron, Michigan, where Edison attended public school for only a total of 12 weeks. He was pulled out of the public school and home schooled due to being called a hyperactive child. Thomas’s father encouraged him to read classic books by him giving 10 cents for each book he complete. At the age of 11 Thomas began to be interested by books that had to do with independent self-instruction. Around the age of 18 Thomas started questioning some science concepts dealing with Physics. Later on in his life he sadly died on October 18, 1931 in West Orange, New Jersey. By the age of 20 Tom had not only completed Gibbon s Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire, Sears History Of The World, and Burton s Anatomy Of Melancholy, he had devoured The World Dictionary of Science and a number of works on Practical Chemistry. Isaac Newton’s experience had some negative effects on the highly impressionable young man. He was so disillusioned by how Newton s sensational theories were written in classical aristocratic terms. Which he felt were unnecessarily confusing to the average person. He overreacted and developed a hearty dislike for all suchShow MoreRelatedThe Invention of the Light Bulb908 Words   |  4 PagesThe light bulb is the most important invention in history. This invention helps in so many ways, most importantly; it helps us see when we are not able to, mostly at night. The light bulb is an invention that is used all the time. The light bulb has impacted the world in various ways. The only light source that was available consisted of candles, oil lanterns, and gas lamps. It was a very long process to create the light bulb known today. What the inventors mostly did was they kept on addingRead MoreThe Invention Of The Electric Light Bulb1418 Words   |  6 Pagesimagine a world without light bulb? Before light bulb was created, the night can only be lit by the moon and stars. People working and traveling after sunset could only use candles or oil lamps, which caused many inconveniences. Without any bright light, moving inside your own house even seemed dangerous. However, things changed after the ambitious inventors brought their bright idea, which was to light the world, to life. The invention and the commercialization of light bulb not only changed the wayRead MoreInvention Of The Light Bulb2480 Words   |  10 Pagesmade up of failures. When something goes wrong for us or another and it could have been prevented by taking another course of action, we learn what not to do and what to do. Take Thomas Edison for example, the acclaimed inventor of the light bulb. Inventing a light bulb was not an easy task and, as can be expected, there were many failures. Nonetheless he believed that â€Å"I have not failed, I’ve just found 10,000 ways that won’t work.† Firstly, I will talk about the methods I have adopted in the industryRead MoreThe Light Bulb: A Luminous Invention1341 Words   |  5 PagesLight bulbs are an invention that transformed the modern world to what we know it to be today. It was first created by Thomas Edison after countless hours of trial and error. He finally found a combination that worked and lasted for twelve hundred hours. It relied on a bamboo filament and was more efficient after Edison was able to remove more oxygen from the bulb. There are now four main types of light bulbs: incandescent, halogens, fluorescent, and LEDs. Although performing one basic task theyRead MoreLight Bulbs : The Invention That Changed The World895 Words   |  4 PagesLight bulbs: The Invention that Changed the World In our contemporary American society, we tend to take for granted the incredible inventions that surround us daily. From the inventions of cell phones to hybrid cars, new innovations shape our daily lives. One important invention transformed the American lifestyle and increased productivity: Light bulbs. In 1879, Thomas Alva Edison developed an incandescent light bulb that used platinum filaments, which was later replaced in 1880 with a carbonizedRead MoreGreat Invention in Electrical Field –light bulb Light bulb is one of the most influential900 Words   |  4 PagesGreat Invention in Electrical Field –light bulb Light bulb is one of the most influential inventions in the word. It makes us work more productive at night and helps us enjoy more activities at night. It significantly change people lives all over the world. The born of light bulb also helped us by making more inventions that related to light, such as phones, televisions, and computes. By using light bulb, we actually reduced the probability of having fire accidents because if we don’t have lightRead MoreThe Invention Of The Incandescent Light Bulb By Thomas Alva Edison1540 Words   |  7 PagesAbsolute darkness, a world with no light, is a possible reality without the contributions of a single man. Thomas Alva Edison was a renowned American inventor of the nineteenth century who has contributed greatly to the world. Edison is most famously known for his invention of the incandescent light bulb, but many people are blind to his other achievements that have contributed immensely to society. There was more to Thomas Edison t han his numerous inventions. Paul B. Israel, Director and GeneralRead MoreThe Invention Of Inventors : Inventing Solutions Essay1338 Words   |  6 Pagesproblems. Many people are known for their inventions today and are famous for them and how they changed the world so drastically. Take Thomas Edison for instance; he invented the phonograph, motion picture camera and a longer lasting light bulb. Today, these inventions are seen as simple items and are even taken for granted. However, if we look back in time, we can see just how impactful these inventions were. This essay will discuss the many different inventions throughout history that changed the worldRead MoreAnalysis Of Thomas Alva Edison s Life1475 Words   |  6 Pagesand he began to work on inventing devices that would help make life a little easier for him despite his deafness. One of these devices consisted of a printer that would convert electrical signals to letters. Edison realized that he had a love for inventions, s o much so, that he decided to quit telegraphy in 1869, to pursue the life of a fulltime inventor1. After Thomas Edison left the field of telegraphy, he began to develop his career as an independent entrepreneur. By doing this, he managed to formRead MoreThomas Edison1061 Words   |  5 Pages What do you use to see at night? You probably said some form of light containing a light bulb of some kind. Well, before Thomas Edison came along people used gas lamps, and fire to see. Thomas Edison was person who revolutionized the world with his amazing invention of the incandescent light bulb, and he also had other revolutionary inventions. Thomas Alva Edison was born on February 11, 1847 in Milan, Ohio (Edison’s Light bulb). His parents were Samuel and Nancy Edison, and he was the last of

The Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad - 960 Words

The Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad, is one of the most critically debated novellas of its time. It is about a man, named Marlow, who joins the Trading Company, specifically having to do with the ivory trade, so that he can adventure into the African Congo. The setting of this story is around the time of the colonization of Africa. Due to the time period and the sensitive things that are addressed in the story, there are many ethical decisions and dilemmas found in the Heart of Darkness. This is discovered in the time period itself, in Kurtz’s decisions, and in Marlow’s loyalty. First, the main event surrounding this novella is the colonization of Africa, and it holds a huge ethical issue. The purpose of the Europeans, like Marlow and Kurtz, coming to Africa was originally to civilize it and bring a positive impact to the continent. However, they soon came to realize that they could profit off of the land. So they began to use the land for trade and sold the natives as slaves (â€Å"Colonization Lecture†, 2015). The major ethical question here could be: is going against the original promise something the colonists should have done? At the time, the European’s morals could have been different than those people hold now. In fact, this is a decent example of cultural relativism. The Europeans took their culture as a standard of action. Since their background made it seem that colonialism was okay, they all seemed to act based on this idea. In modern times, however, it is notShow MoreRelatedHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1471 Words   |  6 Pa gesIn the story Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad a sailor decides to travel to Africa on a whim, using family connections he enlists as the captain of a ship travelling up the Congo River. The novella provides many themes, however is the text in itself racist? One of the main concepts portrayed in Heart of Darkness is the treatment of the natives of Africa and their image. This is most commonly shown through the disparity of the image between what is said in the novel and what can be read throughRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad Essay1371 Words   |  6 Pagesevery human and everything created by humans has two sides to it: the form and the substance. Joseph Conrad’s novella â€Å"Heart of Darkness† shows precisely how dangerous it is to put our trust in a concept, for example: colonization, without realizing that most of the time one only gets to see the form and not the substance. In this essay, my purpose is to demonstrate that â€Å"Heart of Darkness† by Joseph Conrad is mainly a novella about the discrepancy between substance and form. In order to prove my pointRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1378 Words   |  6 PagesWoytassek AP English 12 Heart of Darkness Reading Log Author: Joseph Conrad Title: Heart of Darkness Original Publication Date: 1899 Kind of Writing: Heart of Darkness is a colonial novella of an expository narrative. Writer’s Purpose and Intended Audience Joseph Conrad wrote Heart of Darkness because he wanted to expose human temptation to experiment with darkness when one’s own desires overcome one’s morals. By writing from his own experience of exploring the Congo, Conrad draws conclusions thatRead MoreThe Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad983 Words   |  4 PagesThe Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad is a story that takes place in the early 1890s and presents us with an odyssey of a traveler known as Marlow who confronts the dangers of the Congo jungle while also witnessing the wicked, inhumane treatment of the African natives. In the story, Marlow represents Joseph Conrad who had actually traveled up the Congo in 1890 and witnessed the European exploitation of the African natives firsthand. In the Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad exposes the inhumanityRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1350 Words   |  6 Pagesyears, Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad was a treasured classic, with many honourable themes and messages, as the author reveals the true nature of humanity by following an European sailor’s journey through the dark jungles of Africa and down the river Congo, all while watching as his own humanity changes. As society has evolved, however, Heart of Darkness has come under scrutiny, as the language is quite racist. Chinua Achebe, writer of An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad’s Heart of DarknessRead MoreHeart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad1329 Words   |  5 Pages Heart of Darkness is a novel written by Joseph Conrad. The setting of the book is in Belgian Congo, which was the most infamous European colony in Africa. This is a story about the protagonist Marlow’s journey to self discovery, and his experiences in Congo. Conrad’s story explores the colonialism period in Africa to demonstrate Marlow’s struggles. Along the way, he faces insanity, death, his fear of failure, and cultural contamination as he makes his was to the inner station. Conrad through theRead MoreThe Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad968 Words   |  4 PagesJoseph Conrad’s novella The Heart of Darkness has been under controversy because of racial interpretations. The race factor in this novel has made some scholars and professors question the function the novella has in the classroom. However, Joseph Conrad had another view when writing the novel; to demonstrate how prejudice and dehumanizing the European culture is towards African Americans and their culture during this time period. European’s superior authority over African Americans is portrayedRead MoreHeart Of Darkness, By Joseph Conrad1306 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is the â€Å"horror† in Heart of Darkness, and what particular literary images develop that idea of horror in the novel? In Joseph Conrad’s, Heart of Darkness, there can be many literary images found within that develop the idea of horror. Heart of Darkness is noted for its horror within the Congo between the Africans and the Europeans. The horror in Heart of Darkness is a contribution of many ideas that are formed and contributed from the European colonists. The purpose of this essay aims to argueRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1076 Words   |  5 PagesWritten in the late 1800’s, Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is a novella about one man’s travel into the Congo Free State by way of the Congo River. The title â€Å"Heart of Darkness† actually holds two different meanings. Heart of Darkness is both a metaphor for a psychological â€Å"dark side† of man, and an allusion to Africa. The title suggests both a physical and mental reference. During the time the novel takes place, Africa was nick-named the dark continent because of how little the Europeans knewRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad Essay1483 Words   |  6 PagesJoseph Conrad, author of Heart of Darkness, intriguingly uses an unnamed narrator in his novel that clearly becomes of importance right away in the introduction. Conrad’s narrator chooses to speak of the historical period in which Roman colonization took over what we now know as Great Britain. By connecting a Roman colonization story to one almost 2000 years later talking about the Belgians in Africa, Conrad reveals one of his own themes in the novel. He proposes that the Romans and Belgians

The Museum Of The Brooklyn Museum - 1346 Words

Aside from the Brooklyn Museum, the only museum I had been to in the last four years would be the Met Breuer. As I was instructed to visit the Diane Arbus exhibit at the Met Breuer, I imagined the same type of scenery any museum would look like; high ceiling, large frames, and a collection of detailed and colorful work. It occurred to my surprise when instead I saw an identical collection of same sized frames, of just people, in what seemed to be black and white. As I took a deeper glance, I noticed almost none of the people photographed were smiling. It appeared that they were candid photos, yet they all looked directly at the camera. Arbus’ photos were drawn to unusual public places and scenery in black and white with some surreal contrast portraits. I noticed the raw images of peculiar people often brought focus on those who may be the outliers of their society; transgender, dwarfs, nudists, circus clowns, and even children. There were various particular themes that struck a chord with me, however, among the many images I came across during my search, I found Arbus’ portraits on transgender people provoke the most emotion and intrigue. The wide variety of each portrait as well as the ways she chose to portray them told a story of both lives and culture within her lifetime. Being particularly interested on transgender people, I was captivated with the complexities of her work and the way that she transcended so many boundaries which constantly had me question the theme sheShow MoreRelatedBrooklyn Museum : A Museum Essay1971 Words   |  8 PagesKendrick Narcisse Professor Sherrell Brooklyn Museum Report #1 Before walking into The Brooklyn Museum, I didn’t know what to anticipate as I do not identify as a frequent museum visitor. However, soon after stepping inside this massive gallery I learned that this museum is one of the largest art museums in the United States and one of the premier art institutions in the world. I immediately got lost walking up and down the floors of this massive museum visiting every culture and gaining appreciationRead MoreMy Visit to the Brooklyn Museum942 Words   |  4 PagesDuring my visit to the Brooklyn Museum, I found it both intriguing and informative. The layout of the exhibition was divided into about three to four sections. Each section of the museum represented a movement of the 60’s. The themes represented were segregation of blacks and whites, how they tried to gain equality and the changes they anticipated would happen in the future. The artwork throughout the exhibit was displayed in a varying gradient of black and white to color s. The type of backgroundRead MoreThe exhibition A Fantastic Journey on display at the Brooklyn Museum presents the artist Wangechi700 Words   |  3 PagesThe exhibition A Fantastic Journey on display at the Brooklyn Museum presents the artist Wangechi Mutu’s collection of art. The exhibition includes paintings, collages, sculptures, sketchbook drawings, and new animated videos. Wangechi Mutu incorporates the Western culture’s influence on her African culture into her modern day artwork, which can be seen when walking through the museum. She explores common issues such as war, consumerism, gender and race, globalization all while focusing primarilyRead MoreThe Borough Of Brooklyn913 Words   |  4 Pages Our next adventure was Brooklyn, NY. Although this borough was just a 20-minute train ride away I never really had many opportunities to visit it. I was excited to visit the borough because growing up I always heard that it had the best food in all of New York City. The borough is also known as Kings County and is home to nearly three million people. This makes Brooklyn the second most populous boroughs in New York. It is said that if the Borough were an independent city it would be the thirdRead MoreThe Funerary Stela of Ta-Khaa-En-Bastet :Mistress of the House1444 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction The following paper objective is to present the funerary stela of Ta-Khaa-En-Bastet, kept at the Cincinnati Art Museum. The stela’s accession number is 1947.392 and is possibly from Abydos because of its imagery. The stela dates back to the Late Period of ancient Egypt, which is 664-332 BC. This funerary stela helps to provide data about the funerary practices and the responsibilities women had in ancient Egyptian society. Description of the stela The stela is deemed to be a round-toppedRead More Freedom Of Expression - Our First Amendment Rights Are Threatened1156 Words   |  5 Pagesup for Freedom of Expression, and put and end to censorship. In September of this year, the Brooklyn Museum of Art planned an exhibit of British artwork entitled quot;Sensation: Young British Artists from the Saatchi Collectionquot;, the controversial art exhibit which, on its world tour, has been shown in Germany and England. The exhibit, as well as the majority of other artwork on display in the museum, was to be funded by the National Endowment for the Arts. The NEA is a government agency thatRead MoreA Discourse Of National Identity1832 Words   |  8 PagesAnalysis Evaluation The two collections articulate a discourse about national identity and how it is reflected in the art produced in the United States. Both museums employing traditional classification from the art history, arranging the collections by period, schools, style, movement, and artists. Both collections approach the paradigms that address the historiography of American Art has established: the Colony, the configuration of the Republic, The Civil War, the Centennial of IndependenceRead MoreWomen s Rights For Women1094 Words   |  5 Pagesa building dedicated to housing The Dinner Party. â€Å"The triangular building would include a second floor with the Entryway Banners, and space for people to look down upon The Dinner Party table.† The exhibit currently resides in the Brooklyn Museum located in Brooklyn, New York as it was too expensive to create Chicago’s original idea. Chicago did not stop at just the Place Settings. 2,300 hand casted porcelain titles sit at the feet of the celebrated artists. The Heritage Floor is structurallyRead MoreArtist Drew Hamilton s Street Corner Project 993 Words   |  4 Pageschanged with out modern art. The artist chose to exhibit his very own Bushwick apartment over the neighborhood bodega in Brooklyn. The artist Drew Hamilton’s artistic choice to change the standard view on aesthetic artwork depicting a true view of the neighborhood through his mini model. Drew Hamilton’s creation of the mini model that mimics the scene of everyday life of Brooklyn residents. Hamilton refashions the basic norms of aesthetics by inventing a new form of imperfect perfection and reamingRead MoreAncient Egyptian Portraitures Essay1672 Words   |  7 Pages the Royal portraits are extremely symbolic in representing human figures with the combination of human gods and animal forms that tend to portray idealized, convent ional faces of Egypt. Utilizing objects from the permanent collection at the Brooklyn Museum of Art, this exhibit will display 25 portraits of nobleman, officials, and local individuals in order to hint at a variety of racial subdivision such as the Hykos, Nubian, Persian and Roman influence in the artistic representations of the Ancient

The Beginning Of Time Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Beginning Of Time Essay, Research Paper The Beginning Of Time There was a period in history when the beginning of the universe in which we live in was a expressed through fables and myths, now, through the usage of progressively advanced scientific equipment we can see that the existence is more huge and complex than of all time conceivable. The intent of this paper is to demo some of the modern beliefs sing the beginning of the existence by happening the reply of these inquiries. What are the normally excepted theories of the development of the existence? What is meant by the # 8220 ; Big Bang Theory # 8221 ; and how does it work? How our planet and solar system developed from The Big Bang? This paper will utilize scientific informations to establish the development of our existence around The Big Bang. At the present clip there are two theories which are used to explicate the creative activity of the existence. The first theory is the ill-famed Big Bang Theory, which will be detailed subsequently. The 2nd is the Steady State Theory. A ulterior hypothesis was created to replace the common belief that the existence was wholly inactive. The enlargement of the existence was discovered in 1929 when Edwin Hubble discovered that every galaxy in the existence was traveling off from each other, this meant that the existence was spread outing. Hubble found the motion of the galaxies by utilizing a phenomenon known as the Doppler consequence. This consequence caused organic structures traveling off from an perceiver to hold a # 8220 ; red-shifted # 8221 ; spectrum ( the visible radiation spectrum of the organic structure had been shifted closer to red ) and organic structures traveling towards an perceiver to be # 8220 ; blue-shifted # 8221 ; The enlargement was traced backwards through clip to detect that all the galaxies were created from the same point. It was subsequently believed that all affair spawn from that # 8220 ; centre of the existence # 8221 ; discovered by Hubble. Matter would roll up outside this uniqueness and signifier every Moon, planet, and star known today. The Steady State Theory was really attractive because it featured a existence with no get downing or stop. The theory meant that scientist had to abandon the Torahs of preservation of mass and energy. It seemed converting that the Torahs of natural philosophies could breakdown at a certain point but more and more grounds gathered against the Steady State Theory, taking to many alterations to it. Until eventually the theory was dropped wholly with the find of the smooth microwave background radiation ( radiation so ancient it had shifted right out of the seeable spectrum into microwave radiation ) . A smooth background to the existence suggested that it was hot and unvarying # 8211 ; the ideal conditions for the Big Bang. The Big Bang was about precisely what it sounds like # 8211 ; a elephantine detonation. During this detonation all the stuffs in the existence today ( affair, energy and even clip ) were expelled into a vacuity about 12 billion old ages ago. The combined mass of the existence was interpolated to a point of nothing volume ( therefore infinite denseness ) . It is impossible to think what the existence would physically be like because the denseness of the existence can non be plugged into any physical equation. The history of the existence can be traced back to a minute 10- 33 seconds after the large knock. At this minute the existence is filled with a sea of assorted alien atoms along with negatrons, photons, and neutrinos ( and their respectable anti-particles ) . At this clip there are besides a little figure of protons and neutrons. The protons and neutrons are take parting in sub-atomic reactions. The two most of import of these reactions are: Antineutrino + Proton # 8212 ; -* Positron ( anti-electron ) + Neutron Neutrino + Neutron # 8212 ; -* Electron + Proton In consequence the protons are going neutrons and vice-versa. The energies are so great that simple atoms being formed autumn apart instantly after coming together. As the universe expands, and loses energy the negatrons and antielectrons begin to clash, efficaciously eliminating one another, lupus erythematosus aving merely energy in the signifier of photons and neutrinos. Appropriately 14 seconds after the Big Bang simple atoms are formed like heavy hydrogen and He. About three proceedingss after the incidence of creative activity, the existence has sufficiently cooled to let formations of He and other light elements. As it is proven by the cosmic background radiation, the existence was uniformly smooth. Angstrom alteration had to hold occurred, otherwise no heavenly objects would hold formed and as the atoms lost energy, they would merely break up into simpler atoms. Something had to hold caused the atoms to group together and organize larger entities. Gravity comes to head, but, at this point the largest atom is a He atom, which due to it # 8217 ; s little size, has really small of a gravitative pull. The lone respectable theory is the # 8220 ; cosmic twine theory # 8221 ; is provinces that our four dimensional infinite ( three spacial dimensions plus clip ) is made up of knots in seven or eight dimensional # 8217 ; strings # 8217 ; . These strings are truly monolithic ( each metre of threading would weigh 1021 kilogram ) . This would necessitate that the existence was non a complete vacuity prior to the Big Bang because infinite itself would be do up of cosmic strings. The cosmic strings while being highly heavy are besides really tight, so tight that if a twine were non either a circle ( connect to itself in a cringle ) or of infinite length, it would draw itself together into nil. A twine can besides unplug and reattach with other strings that are crossing it. Now a existence can be pictured with an space figure of # 8216 ; cosmic strings # 8217 ; interacting with each other even before the Big Bang. After the stuff was dispersed via the Big Bang, atoms were attracted to the cosmic strings ( chiefly loops, since the mass would be more centralised ) . These cosmic twine cringles, could be the footing for the formation of a galaxy. The little atoms would be attracted by the strong gravitative field of the cringles, therefore making a hub for the creative activity of a galaxy. After some old ages all the cringles would disintegrate because of their strong emanation of gravitative radiation go forthing plenty collected affair to organize a to the full functioning galaxy buttocks. In clouds of dust and gas ( chiefly H ) at the centre of the galaxy, force per unit area and temperature construct doing an addition in denseness and gravitation. The heavier atoms fall to an orbital cloud of the immature star while the lighter elements near in on the nucleus. This addition in gravitation causes a farther addition in force per unit area, until the centre of the star has the conditions ideal for atomic merger. This procedure occurs at the really nucleus of the star and converts H into He at an dismaying rate. A star is born. The outer cloud of the star may besides harbour some celestial organic structures normally planets or other stars. The clouds of dust collect the same manner in planet except the temperatures don # 8217 ; T rather reach the point where atomic reactions take topographic point. By agencies of normally recognized theories, the beginning of the existence from the Big Bang to the formation of a planet, has been successfully detailed. Thankss to new engineering introduced in the past 50 old ages and thank to rational heads capable of back uping that engineering, more has been learned about our would than of all time imagined possible. Although all the progresss assumed executable have put to utilize will still are far from cognizing the absolute truth. Surely the early uranologists thought that they were correct in their theories, but most ended up being dead incorrect. We can non presume that all of our current theories are right because although we may cognize more, we will neer cognize all. Hawking, S. W. ( 1988 ) . A Brief History Of Time. New York: Bantam. Kitchen, C. R. ( 1990 ) . Journeys To The End Of The Universe. Bristol: Adam Hilger. Silk, Joseph. ( 1994 ) . A Short History Of The Universe. New York: Scientific Americal Library. Wienberg, Steven. ( 1977 ) . The First Three Minutes. New York: Basic Books, Inc.